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<TABLE borderColor=#66cccc cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=4 width=576 align=center bgColor=#ffcccc border=1>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD colSpan=3 height=22>
<DIV class=style1 align=center>平面图形</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>名称</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>符号</DIV></TD>
<TD width="63%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>周长C和面积S</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>正方形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a—边长</TD>
<TD>C=4a<BR>S=a<SUP>2</SUP></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>长方形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a和b-边长</TD>
<TD>C=2(a+b)<BR>S=ab</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>三角形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a,b,c-三边长<BR>h-a边上的高<BR>s-周长的一半<BR>A,B,C-内角<BR>其中s=(a+b+c)/2</TD>
<TD>
<>S=ah/2<BR> =ab/2·sinC <BR> =[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]<SUP>1/2</SUP><BR> =a<SUP>2</SUP>sinBsinC/(2sinA)</P></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>四边形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">d,D-对角线长<BR>α-对角线夹角</TD>
<TD>S=dD/2·sinα</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>平行四边形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a,b-边长<BR>h-a边的高<BR>α-两边夹角</TD>
<TD>S=ah<BR> =absinα</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>菱形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a-边长<BR>α-夹角<BR>D-长对角线长<BR>d-短对角线长</TD>
<TD>S=Dd/2<BR> =a<SUP>2</SUP>sinα</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>梯形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a和b-上、下底长<BR>h-高<BR>m-中位线长</TD>
<TD>S=(a+b)h/2<BR> =mh</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>圆</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">r-半径<BR>d-直径</TD>
<TD>C=πd=2πr<BR>S=πr<SUP>2</SUP><BR> =πd<SUP>2</SUP>/4</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>扇形</DIV></TD>
<TD>r—扇形半径<BR>a—圆心角度数<BR></TD>
<TD>C=2r+2πr×(a/360)<BR>S=πr<SUP>2</SUP>×(a/360)</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>弓形</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">l-弧长<BR>b-弦长<BR>h-矢高<BR>r-半径<BR>α-圆心角的度数</TD>
<TD>S=r<SUP>2</SUP>/2·(πα/180-sinα)<BR> =r<SUP>2</SUP>arccos[(r-h)/r] - (r-h)(2rh-h<SUP>2</SUP>)<SUP>1/2</SUP><BR> =παr<SUP>2</SUP>/360 - b/2·[r<SUP>2</SUP>-(b/2)<SUP>2</SUP>]<SUP>1/2</SUP><BR> =r(l-b)/2 + bh/2<BR> ≈2bh/3</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>圆环</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">R-外圆半径<BR>r-内圆半径<BR>D-外圆直径<BR>d-内圆直径</TD>
<TD>S=π(R<SUP>2</SUP>-r<SUP>2</SUP>)<BR> =π(D<SUP>2</SUP>-d<SUP>2</SUP>)/4</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>椭圆</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">D-长轴<BR>d-短轴</TD>
<TD>S=πDd/4</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD colSpan=3 height=22>
<DIV class=style3 align=center><STRONG>立方图形</STRONG></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>名称</DIV></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>符号</DIV></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>面积S和体积V</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>正方体</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a-边长</TD>
<TD>S=6a<SUP>2</SUP><BR>V=a<SUP>3</SUP></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>长方体</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">a-长<BR>b-宽<BR>c-高</TD>
<TD>S=2(ab+ac+bc)<BR>V=abc</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>棱柱</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">S-底面积<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=Sh</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>棱锥</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">S-底面积<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=Sh/3</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD width="15%">
<DIV class=style3 align=center>棱台</DIV></TD>
<TD width="22%">S<SUB>1</SUB>和S<SUB>2</SUB>-上、下底面积<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=h[S<SUB>1</SUB>+S<SUB>2</SUB>+(S<SUB>1</SUB>S<SUB>1</SUB>)<SUP>1/2</SUP>]/3</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>拟柱体</DIV></TD>
<TD>S<SUB>1</SUB>-上底面积<BR>S<SUB>2</SUB>-下底面积<BR>S<SUB>0</SUB>-中截面积<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=h(S<SUB>1</SUB>+S<SUB>2</SUB>+4S<SUB>0</SUB>)/6</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>圆柱</DIV></TD>
<TD>r-底半径<BR>h-高<BR>C—底面周长<BR>S<SUB>底</SUB>—底面积<BR>S<SUB>侧</SUB>—侧面积<BR>S<SUB>表</SUB>—表面积</TD>
<TD>
<P>C=2πr<BR>S<SUB>底</SUB>=πr<SUP>2</SUP><BR>S<SUB>侧</SUB>=Ch<BR>S<SUB>表</SUB>=Ch+2S<SUB>底</SUB><BR>V=S<SUB>底</SUB>h<BR> =πr<SUP>2</SUP>h</P></TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>空心圆柱</DIV></TD>
<TD>R-外圆半径<BR>r-内圆半径<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=πh(R<SUP>2</SUP>-r<SUP>2</SUP>)</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>直圆锥</DIV></TD>
<TD>r-底半径<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=πr<SUP>2</SUP>h/3</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>圆台</DIV></TD>
<TD>r-上底半径<BR>R-下底半径<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=πh(R<SUP>2</SUP>+Rr+r<SUP>2</SUP>)/3</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>球</DIV></TD>
<TD>r-半径<BR>d-直径</TD>
<TD>V=4/3πr<SUP>3</SUP>=πd<SUP>2</SUP>/6</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>球缺</DIV></TD>
<TD>h-球缺高<BR>r-球半径<BR>a-球缺底半径</TD>
<TD>V=πh(3a<SUP>2</SUP>+h<SUP>2</SUP>)/6<BR> =πh<SUP>2</SUP>(3r-h)/3<BR>a<SUP>2</SUP>=h(2r-h)</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>球台</DIV></TD>
<TD>r<SUB>1</SUB>和r<SUB>2</SUB>-球台上、下底半径<BR>h-高</TD>
<TD>V=πh[3(r<SUB>1</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>+r<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>)+h<SUP>2</SUP>]/6</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>圆环体</DIV></TD>
<TD>R-环体半径<BR>D-环体直径<BR>r-环体截面半径<BR>d-环体截面直径</TD>
<TD>V=2π<SUP>2</SUP>Rr<SUP>2</SUP><BR> =π<SUP>2</SUP>Dd<SUP>2</SUP>/4</TD></TR>
<TR bgColor=#ffffff>
<TD>
<DIV class=style3 align=center>桶状体</DIV></TD>
<TD>D-桶腹直径<BR>d-桶底直径<BR>h-桶高</TD>
<TD>V=πh(2D<SUP>2</SUP>+d<SUP>2</SUP>)/12<BR>(母线是圆弧形,圆心是桶的中心) <BR>V=πh(2D<SUP>2</SUP>+Dd+3d<SUP>2</SUP>/4)/15<BR>(母线是抛物线形)</TD></TR></TABLE> |
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